"Eat the reassurance pill and seek development with ease!" —— General Secretary Xi Jinping's Important Speech at the Seminar on Private Enterprises
On the morning of November 1, General Secretary Xi Jinping hosted a seminar on private enterprises in Beijing and delivered an important speech. Xi emphasized that all private enterprises and entrepreneurs can take the reassurance pill and seek development without wavering in encouraging and guiding the development of non-public economy. China's private economy can only grow, not weaken, but also move towards a broader stage. For details, please see the full text of the speech.
Xi Jinping's Speech at the Symposium on Private Enterprises (Full Text)
(1 November 2018)
Xi Jinping
Hello everyone! Today, we are holding this symposium to listen to your opinions and suggestions on the economic development situation and the development of private economy. First of all, I would like to extend my sincere greetings to all private entrepreneurs present here and to the vast number of private entrepreneurs throughout the country.
Just now, several representatives of private enterprises made speeches and put forward many valuable opinions and suggestions, which should be carefully studied and absorbed by relevant departments. Next, I would like to make a few comments in connection with your speeches and concerns.
China's non-public economy has developed under the guidance of the Party's principles and policies since the reform and opening up. The basic economic system with public ownership as the main body and multi-ownership economy developing together is an important part of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and an inevitable requirement for perfecting the socialist market economic system. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, our Party broke away from the traditional concept of ownership and opened the door to the development of non-public economy. In 1980, Zhang Huamei of Wenzhou received her first business license for individual businesses. By 1987, 5.69 million people had been employed in various industries, such as individual industry and Commerce in cities and towns, and a large number of private enterprises had flourished. After Comrade Deng Xiaoping's Southern Talk was published in 1992, a new upsurge of entrepreneurship and development of private economy arose. Many well-known large-scale private enterprises started in this period.
The 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China established "public ownership as the main body and multi-ownership economy developing together" as the basic economic system of our country, and clearly put forward that "non-public ownership economy is an important part of our socialist market economy". The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the idea of "unswervingly consolidating and developing the public ownership economy" and "unswervingly encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of the non-public ownership economy". The Eighteenth National Congress of the CPC further proposed that we should unswervingly encourage, support and guide the development of non-public economy, ensure that all kinds of ownership economies use production factors equally according to law, participate in market competition fairly and receive equal legal protection.
Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the CPC, I have repeatedly reiterated my adherence to the basic economic system and to the "two unshakable". The Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out that both public and non-public economy are important components of the socialist market economy and are important foundations for China's economic and social development; the property rights of public economy are inviolable, and those of non-public economy are inviolable; the state protects all kinds of economic property of ownership. We should adhere to equal rights, equal opportunities and equal rules, abolish unreasonable provisions on various forms of non-public economy, eliminate hidden barriers and stimulate the vitality and creativity of non-public economy. At the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the CPC, it was proposed that the system of property rights protection with equity as its core principle should be improved, the protection of property rights of various ownership economic organizations and natural persons should be strengthened, and the provisions of laws and regulations that violate equity should be cleared up. The Fifth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the CPC emphasized that "private enterprises should be encouraged to enter more fields according to law, and non-state-owned capital should be introduced to participate in the reform of state-owned enterprises so as to better stimulate the vitality and creativity of non-public economy". The Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China has written "two unshakable" into the basic strategy of adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, which has been further determined as a major policy of the Party and the state.
On March 4, 2016, when I participated in the joint meeting of members of the Civil Construction and Industry Federation at the Fourth Session of the Twelfth CPPCC National Committee, I made a speech on adhering to the basic economic system of our country and expounded the principles and policies of the Party and the state in dealing with the private economy. The purpose of this meeting today is to gather wisdom, firm confidence and concerted efforts to maintain and enhance the good momentum of the development of China's private economy.
On October 20, this year, I wrote back to the privately-owned entrepreneurs who were commended in the action of "Wancun Bang by Ten Thousand Enterprises" on the development of private economy, emphasizing that in the past 40 years of reform and opening up, private enterprises have developed vigorously, and private economy has grown from small to large and from weak to strong, playing a role in stabilizing growth, promoting innovation, increasing employment and improving people's livelihood. It has played an important role in promoting economic and social development. Supporting the development of private enterprises is the consistent policy of the CPC Central Committee, which will not be shaken at all.
1. Fully affirm the important position and role of China's private economy
This year marks the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up. Over the past 40 years, China's private economy has grown from small to large, from weak to strong, and has been growing steadily. By the end of 2017, there were more than 27 million private enterprises, more than 65 million individual businesses and more than 165 trillion registered capital. Generally speaking, private economy has the characteristics of "May 6789". It contributes more than 50% of tax revenue, 60% of GDP, 70% of technological innovation achievements, 80% of urban labor employment and 90% of enterprises. Among the top 500 enterprises in the world, the number of private enterprises in China increased from 1 in 2010 to 28 in 2018. China's private economy has become an indispensable force to promote China's development. It has become the main field of entrepreneurship and employment, an important subject of technological innovation and an important source of national tax revenue. It has played an important role in the development of China's socialist market economy, the transformation of government functions, the transfer of surplus rural labor force and the development of international market. Effect. For a long time, the vast number of private entrepreneurs have organized and led millions of workers to work hard, pioneer arduously and innovate continuously with the innovative consciousness and perseverance spirit of daring to be the first. China's economic development can create a miracle in China, the private economy is an indispensable contribution!
Our Party's view on adhering to the basic economic system is clear and consistent, and has never wavered. China's public ownership economy has been formed in the course of national development for a long time. It has accumulated a large amount of wealth. It is the common wealth of all the people. We must keep, use and develop it well, keep and appreciate its value continuously. We must never let a large number of state-owned assets idle, lost and wasted. We are promoting the reform and development of state-owned enterprises, strengthening the supervision of state-owned assets and punishing corruption in the field of state-owned assets for this purpose. At the same time, we emphasize that consolidating and developing the public ownership economy is not antagonistic to encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of non-public ownership economy, but an organic unity. Public ownership economy and non-public ownership economy should complement each other and complement each other, rather than mutually exclusive and offset each other.
For some time, some people in the society have made some negative and doubtful remarks about the private economy. For example, some people put forward the so-called "private economy departure theory", saying that the private economy has completed its mission and should withdraw from the historical stage; some people put forward the so-called "new public-private partnership theory", misinterpreting the present mixed ownership reform as a new round of "public-private partnership"; some people said that strengthening Party building and trade union work in Enterprises is for the people. Business control, and so on. These statements are totally wrong and do not conform to the Party's general policy.
Here, I would like to emphasize once again that the status and role of non-public economy in China's economic and social development has not changed! We have not wavered in encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of non-public economy. We are committed to creating a good environment for the development of non-public economy and providing more opportunities. The basic economic system of our country has been written into the Constitution and the Party Constitution, which is unchangeable and unchangeable. Anything that negates, doubts or shakes our basic economic system is not in line with the Party's and state policies, and we should not listen to or believe it. All private enterprises and entrepreneurs can eat the reassurance pill and seek development with ease.
In short, the basic economic system is a system that we must adhere to for a long time. Private economy is the internal factor of our economic system, and private enterprises and entrepreneurs are our own people. Private economy is an important achievement of the development of socialist market economy, an important force to promote the development of socialist market economy, an important subject to promote supply-side structural reform, promote high-quality development, and build a modern economic system. It is also our party's long-term ruling and unity to lead the people of the whole country to realize the "two one" The goal of "100 years" and the important force of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream by the Chinese nation. In the new journey of building a well-off society in an all-round way and building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, China's private economy can only grow and not weaken, not only can it not "leave the field", but also go to a broader stage.
2. Correctly Understanding the Difficulties and Problems in the Development of Private Economy
Recently, some private enterprises encounter many difficulties and problems in their operation and development. Some private entrepreneurs describe them as encountering "three mountains": the iceberg of the market, the mountain of financing and the volcano of transformation. The causes of these difficulties and problems are multifaceted. They are the result of the confrontation of multiple contradictions such as external and internal factors, objective and subjective reasons.
One is the result of changes in the international economic environment. Over the past few years, risks have accumulated in the process of global economic recovery, and protectionism and unilateralism have risen significantly, which have brought about many adverse effects on China's economy and market expectations. Private enterprises account for 45% of China's total exports. Some private export enterprises will inevitably be affected. Private enterprises supporting export enterprises or in the industrial chain will also be affected.
The second is the result of the transition of China's economy from the stage of high-speed growth to the stage of high-quality development. At present, we are in the key period of transforming the development mode, optimizing the economic structure and transforming the growth power. The speed of economic expansion will slow down. However, the overall upgrading of consumption structure and the rapid adjustment of demand structure put forward higher requirements for the quality and level of supply, which will inevitably bring transformation and upgrading pressure to enterprises. In the process of structural adjustment, the industry concentration will generally rise, and the superior enterprises will win, which is the normal result of the competition of the survival of the fittest in the market. Under such a complex background, some private enterprises are inevitably confronted with difficulties and problems, which are the long-term adjustment pressure brought by objective environmental changes. For the requirement of high quality development, both private enterprises and state-owned enterprises need to adapt to it step by step.
Third, the result of inadequate policy implementation. In recent years, we have introduced many policies and measures to support the development of private economy, but many of them are not well implemented and ineffective. Some departments and local governments do not have a proper understanding of the major policies and principles of encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of private enterprises by the Party and the state. There are undesirable policy deviations in their work, including equal protection of property rights, equal participation in market competition and equal use of factors of production.很大差距（jù）。有些政策製定過程中前期調研（yán）不夠，沒有（yǒu）充分聽取企業意見，對政策實際影響考（kǎo）慮不周，沒有給企業留出必要的適應調（diào）整期。有些政策相互不協調，政策效（xiào）應同向（xiàng）疊加，或者是工作方式簡單，導致一些初衷是（shì）好的政策產生了相反的（de）作用（yòng）。比如，在防範化解金融風險（xiǎn）過程中，有的金融機構對民營企業惜貸不敢貸甚至直接抽（chōu）貸斷貸，造（zào）成企業流動性困難甚至停業；在“營（yíng）改增”過程中，沒有充分考慮規範征管給一些要求抵扣的小（xiǎo）微企業帶來的稅負增加；在（zài）完善（shàn）社（shè）保繳費征收過（guò）程中，沒有充分考慮征（zhēng）管機製變（biàn）化過程中企業的適（shì）應程（chéng）度和帶來的預期（qī）緊縮效應（yīng）。對這些問題，要根據實（shí）際情況加以解決，為民營（yíng）企業發展營造良好（hǎo）環境。
當前，我國（guó）民營經濟遇到的困難也有（yǒu）企（qǐ）業自身的原因。在經濟高速增長（zhǎng）時期，一部（bù）分民營企業（yè）經營比（bǐ）較粗放，熱（rè）衷於（yú）鋪攤子、上規（guī）模，負債過高，在環保、社保、質量、安全、信用等方麵存在不規範（fàn）、不（bú）穩（wěn）健甚至不合規合法的問題，在加強監管執法的背景下必然會麵臨很大壓力。
應該承認，當前一些民營經（jīng）濟遇到的困（kùn）難（nán）是現實的，甚至相當嚴峻，必須高度重（chóng）視（shì）。同時，也要認識到，這些困難是發展中的困（kùn）難（nán）、前進中（zhōng）的問題、成長中的煩惱，一定能在發展中得到解決。我相信，隻要我們堅持基本經濟製度，落（luò）實（shí）好黨和國家方針政策（cè），民營經濟就一定（dìng）能（néng）夠實現更大（dà）發展。
三、大力支持民營企業發展壯大
保持定力，增強信心，集中精力辦好自己的事情，是（shì）我們應（yīng）對各種風險挑戰的關鍵。當前，我國經濟運行總體平穩、穩中有進，主要（yào）指標保持在合理區間。同時，我國經濟（jì）發展的不確定性（xìng）明顯上升，下行壓力有所（suǒ）加大，企業（yè）經營困難增多。這（zhè）些（xiē）都是前進中必然遇到的問題。
麵（miàn）對困難挑戰，我們要看到有利條件，增強對（duì）我國經濟發展的必勝（shèng）信心。一是我國（guó）擁有巨大的發展韌性、潛力和回旋餘地（dì），我（wǒ）國有13億多人口的內需市場，正（zhèng）處（chù）於新型工業化、信息化、城鎮化、農業現代（dài）化（huà）同步（bù）發展階段，中等收入群體擴大孕育著大量消費升級需求（qiú），城鄉區域發展不（bú）平衡蘊藏著可觀發展空間。二是我國擁有較好的發（fā）展條件和物質基礎，擁有（yǒu）全球最完（wán）整的產業體係和不斷（duàn）增強的科技創新能力，總儲蓄（xù）率仍處於較高水平。三是我國人力資（zī）本豐富，有9億多勞動力（lì）人口，其中超過1.7億（yì）是受（shòu）過高等教育或擁有專業技能的人才，每（měi）年畢業（yè）的大（dà）學生（shēng）就有800多萬，勞動（dòng）力（lì）的比較優勢仍然明顯。四是我國國土（tǔ）麵積遼闊，土地總量資源豐富，集約用地潛力巨大，也為經濟發展提供了很好的空間支撐。五是綜合各方麵因素分析，我國經濟發展健康穩定（dìng）的基本（běn）麵沒有改變，支撐高質量發展的（de）生產要素條件沒有改（gǎi）變，長期穩中向好的總體（tǐ）勢頭沒有改變，同主要經濟體相比，我國經濟增長仍居世界前列。六是我國擁有（yǒu）獨特的（de）製（zhì）度優勢，我們有黨的堅強領導，有集中力（lì）量辦大事的政治優勢，全麵深化改革不斷釋放發展動力，宏觀調控能力不斷增強。
從外（wài）部環境（jìng）看（kàn），世界經濟整體呈現（xiàn）複蘇回暖勢頭，和平與發展仍是時代潮流。今年前三（sān）季度我國進出口保持了穩定增長勢頭，同主要貿易夥伴進出口貿易總（zǒng）額（é）均實現增長。隨著共建“一帶一路”紮實推進，我國同“一（yī）帶一路”沿線國家的投資貿易合作加快推（tuī）進，成為我們外部經（jīng）濟（jì）環境的新亮點。
總之，隻要我們保持戰（zhàn）略定力，堅持穩中求進工作總基（jī）調，以供給側結（jié）構性改革為（wéi）主（zhǔ）線（xiàn），全麵深化改革（gé）開放，我國（guó）經濟就一（yī）定能夠加快轉（zhuǎn）入高質量發展軌道，迎來更加光明（míng）的發展前（qián）景。
在我國（guó）經濟發展進程中，我們（men）要不斷為民營經濟營造更好（hǎo）發展（zhǎn）環境，幫助民營經（jīng）濟解決發展中的困難，支（zhī）持民（mín）營企（qǐ）業改革發展，變壓力為動力（lì），讓民營經濟創新源泉充分湧流，讓（ràng）民營經濟創造活力充分迸（bèng）發。為此，要抓好6個方（fāng）麵政策舉措落（luò）實（shí）。
第（dì）一，減輕企業稅費負（fù）擔（dān）。要抓好供給側結構性改革降成本行動各項工作，實質性降（jiàng）低企業負擔。要加大減稅力（lì）度。推進增值稅等實（shí）質性減稅，而且要簡明易行好操作，增強企業獲得感。對小微企（qǐ）業、科技型初創企（qǐ）業可以（yǐ）實施普惠性稅收免除。要根據實際情況，降低社保繳費名義（yì）費率，穩定繳費方式，確（què）保企業社（shè）保繳費實際負擔有實質性下（xià）降。既要以最嚴格的標準防（fáng）範逃避稅，又（yòu）要避免因為不當征（zhēng）稅導致正常運行的企業停擺。要（yào）進一步清理、精簡涉及民間投資管理的行政審批（pī）事項和涉企收費，規範中間環節、中介組織（zhī）行為（wéi），減輕企業負（fù）擔，加快推進涉企行政事業性收費零收費，降低企業成本（běn）。一些地方的好做（zuò）法要加快在全國推（tuī）廣。
第二，解決民營企業（yè）融（róng）資難融資貴問題。要（yào）優先解決民營企業特別是中小企業（yè）融資難甚至融（róng）不到（dào）資問（wèn）題，同時逐步降低融（róng）資（zī）成（chéng）本。要改革和完善金融機構監（jiān）管考核和內部激勵機製，把銀行業績考核同支持民營（yíng）經濟發（fā）展掛（guà）鉤，解決不敢貸、不願貸（dài）的問題。要擴（kuò）大金融市場準入，拓寬民營企（qǐ）業融資途徑，發揮民營銀行、小額貸款公司、風險投資、股權和債券等融資渠道作用。對有股權質押平倉風險的民營企業，有（yǒu）關方麵和地方要抓緊研究采取特殊措施，幫助企業渡過難（nán）關，避免發生企業所有權轉移等問題。對（duì）地方政府（fǔ）加以引導（dǎo），對符合經濟結構優化升級（jí）方向（xiàng）、有前景（jǐng）的民營企業進行必要財務（wù）救助。省級政府和計劃單列市可以自籌資金組建政策性救助基金，綜合運用多種手段，在嚴（yán）格防（fáng）止違規舉債、嚴格防範國有資產流失前提下，幫助區域內產業龍頭、就業大戶、戰略新興行業等關鍵（jiàn）重點民營（yíng）企業紓困。要高度重視三角債問（wèn）題，糾正一些政府（fǔ）部門、大企業利用優勢地位以大欺小、拖欠（qiàn）民營企業款項的行為。
第三，營（yíng）造公平競（jìng）爭環境。要（yào）打破各種各樣的“卷簾門（mén）”、“玻璃門”、“旋轉門”，在市場準入、審批許可、經營運行、招（zhāo）投（tóu）標、軍民融合等方麵（miàn），為（wéi）民營企業打造（zào）公平（píng）競爭環境，給民營企（qǐ）業發展創（chuàng）造（zào）充足市場空間。要鼓勵民營企業參（cān）與國有企業改革。要推進產業政策由差異化、選擇（zé）性向（xiàng）普惠化、功能性轉（zhuǎn）變，清理違反公平、開（kāi）放、透（tòu）明市場規則的政策文件，推進反壟（lǒng）斷、反不正當競爭執法。
第四，完善政策（cè）執行方式。任何一項政策出台，不管初衷多麽（me）好，都要考慮可能（néng）產生的負麵影響，考慮實際（jì）執行同政策初衷的（de）差別，考慮同其他（tā）政策是不是有疊加效應，不斷提（tí）高政策水平。各地區各部（bù）門要（yào）從（cóng）實際出發，提高工作藝術和管理水平，加強政策協調性，細化、量（liàng）化政策措施，製定相關配套舉措，推動各項政策落地、落細、落實，讓民營（yíng）企業從政策中增強獲得感。去產能、去杠杆要對各類所有（yǒu）製企業執行同樣（yàng）標準，不能戴著有色眼鏡落實（shí）政策，不能不問青紅皂白對民營企業斷貸抽貸。要提（tí）高政府（fǔ）部門履職水平，按照國家宏觀調控方向，在（zài）安監、環保等領域微觀執法過程中避免簡單化，堅持實事求是（shì），一（yī）切從實際出發，執行政策不能搞“一刀切（qiē）”。要結合改革督察工作，對中央全麵深化改革委員會會議審議通過的產（chǎn）權保護、弘揚（yáng）企業家精神、市場公平競爭審查等利好民營企業的改革（gé）方案專項督察，推動落實。
第五（wǔ），構建親清新型政商關係。各級黨委和政府要把構建親清（qīng）新型政商關係的要求落到實處，把支持民營企業發展作為一項重要任（rèn）務，花（huā）更多時間和精力關心民營企業發展、民營企業家成長，不能（néng）成（chéng）為掛在（zài）嘴邊的口號。我們要求領導幹部同民營企業家打交道要守住底線、把好分寸，並不意味著領導幹部可以對民營企業家的正當要求（qiú）置若罔聞，對他們的合法（fǎ）權益不（bú）予保護，而是要（yào）積極主（zhǔ）動為民營企業服務。各相關部門和地方的（de）主（zhǔ）要負責（zé）同誌（zhì）要經常聽取民營企業反映和訴求，特別是在民營企業遇到困難和問題情況下更要積極作為、靠前（qián）服務，幫助解決實際困難。對（duì）支持和引導國有企業、民營企業（yè）特別是中小企（qǐ）業克服困難、創（chuàng）新發展（zhǎn）方（fāng）麵的工作情況，要納入（rù）幹部考核考察範圍。人民團體、工（gōng）商聯等組織要深入民營（yíng）企業（yè）了解情況，積極反映企業生產經營（yíng）遇到的困（kùn）難和問題，支持（chí）企業改革創新。要加（jiā）強輿論引導，正確宣傳黨和國（guó）家大政方針，對一些錯誤說法要及（jí）時澄清。
第六，保（bǎo）護企業家人（rén）身和財產安全。穩定預期，弘揚企業家精神，安全是基本保障。我們加大反腐敗鬥爭力度，是落實黨要管（guǎn）黨、全麵從嚴治黨的要求，是（shì）為了懲治黨內腐敗分子，構建良好政治（zhì）生態，堅決反對和糾正以權謀私、錢權交易、貪汙賄賂、吃拿卡要、欺壓百姓等違紀違法行為。這有利於為民（mín）營經濟發展（zhǎn）創造健（jiàn）康（kāng）環境。紀檢（jiǎn）監察機關在履行職責過程中，有（yǒu）時需要企業經營者協助（zhù）調查，這種情況下，要查清問題，也要（yào）保障其合法的人身（shēn）和財產權（quán）益，保障企業合法經營。對一些民營企業曆史（shǐ）上曾經有過的一些不規範行為，要以發（fā）展的眼光看（kàn）問題，按照罪刑法定、疑罪從無的原則處理（lǐ），讓企業家卸下思想包袱，輕裝前進。我多次強調要甄別（bié）糾正一批侵害企業產權的錯（cuò）案冤案，最近人民法院依法（fǎ）重審了（le）幾個典型案例，社會（huì）反映很好。
我說過（guò），非公有製經濟要健康發展，前（qián）提是非公有（yǒu）製經濟人士（shì）要健康成長（zhǎng）。希望廣大（dà）民營經濟人士加強自我學習、自我教育、自我提升。民營企業家要珍視自身的社會形象，熱愛祖國、熱愛人民、熱愛中國共產黨，踐行社會主（zhǔ）義（yì）核心價值觀，弘揚企業家精神，做愛國敬業、守（shǒu）法經（jīng）營（yíng）、創業創新、回報社會的典（diǎn）範。民營企業家要講（jiǎng）正氣、走正道，做到聚（jù）精會神辦企業、遵紀（jì）守法搞經營，在（zài）合（hé）法（fǎ）合規中提高企業競爭能力。守法經營，這是任何（hé）企業都必須遵（zūn）守的原則，也是長（zhǎng）遠發展之道。要（yào）練（liàn）好企業內（nèi）功（gōng），特別（bié）是要提高經營能力、管理水平，完善法人治理結構，鼓勵（lì）有條件的民（mín）營企業建立現（xiàn）代企業製度（dù）。新一代民（mín）營企業家（jiā）要繼承和發揚老一輩人艱苦奮鬥、敢闖敢幹、聚焦實業、做精（jīng）主業的精神，努力把企業做強（qiáng）做優。民（mín）營企業（yè）還要拓展國際視（shì）野，增強創新能力和核心競爭力，形成更多具有全球競爭力的世界一流企（qǐ）業。
我就講這些，謝謝大家。（完）
